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      Sremska Mitrovica

      Sremska Mitrovica is a city in Serbia, located on the Sava river's left bank. It had a population of approximately 40,144 individuals in 2022, with an administrative area population of around 72,580. Known as Sirmium in the past, it served as a Roman Empire capital during the 4th century CE's Tetrarchy. Ten Roman emperors were either born in or near this city, including Herennius Etruscus, Hostilian, Decius Traian, Claudius Gothicus, Quintillus, Aurelian, Probus, Maximian, Constantius II, and Gratian.

      The city is currently known as Sremska Mitrovica in Serbian, Szávaszentdemeter in Hungarian, and Srijemska Mitrovica in Croatian. The name Mitrovica originates from Saint Demetrius, or "Sveti Dimitrije" in Serbian. The "Sremska" prefix distinguishes it from Kosovska Mitrovica. During the Roman Empire era, it was called Sirmium. The name evolved from "Civitas Sancti Demetrii" in 1180 AD to "Dmitrovica", then "Mitrovica", and finally to its current form.

      Sremska Mitrovica is one of Europe's oldest cities, with evidence of organized human life from as early as 5000 BC. Notable findings include Ionian jewelry from 500 BC. The Romans took control in the 1st century BC, finding a well-established settlement. By the 1st century, Sirmium had been elevated to a colony of Rome's citizens and had become a crucial military and strategic point in the Pannonia province. The Roman emperors Trajan, Marcus Aurelius, and Claudius II all launched their military campaigns from Sirmium.

      In 103, Pannonia was divided into two provinces: Upper Pannonia and Lower Pannonia, with Sirmium serving as the capital of the latter. Later, in 296, Diocletian reorganized Pannonia's territorial structure, creating four provinces in the region that once belonged to the initial Pannonia: Pannonia Prima, Pannonia Valeria, Pannonia Savia, and Pannonia Secunda. Sirmium was designated as the capital of Pannonia Secunda.

      From the 4th century onwards, Sirmium emerged as a significant Christian hub and hosted the Episcopate of Sirmium, leading to four Christian councils being held in the city. Towards the end of the 4th century, the city came under Gothic control, before being reclaimed by the Eastern Roman Empire. However, in 441, the Huns seized Sirmium, and it remained in the possession of various Germanic groups, including the Eastern Goths and Gepids, for over a century.

      Sirmium briefly served as the capital of the Gepid State, with King Cunimund issuing golden coins there. Following 567, Sirmium returned to the Eastern Roman Empire's control. But, in 582, the Avars captured and devastated the city, signifying the end of the late Antiquity era in Sirmium's history.

      11 opulent, Avar-crafted golden belts from the 6th century were unearthed in the surrounding area.

      2002 data indicates that Sremska Mitrovica's population consisted of 76,290 Orthodox Christians, 3,935 Roman Catholics, 252 Protestants, and 106 Muslims. The Orthodox Christians in Sremska Mitrovica are part of the Syrmia Eparchy under the Serbian Orthodox Church, while the Roman Catholics are affiliated with the Syrmia Diocese, headquartered in Sremska Mitrovica.

      Roman emperors

      Ten Roman emperors were born in the city and its environs:

      1. Decius Traian (249–51)
      2. Herennius Etruscus (251-51)
      3. Hostilian (251-51)
      4. Claudius II (268-270)
      5. Quintillus (270)
      6. Aurelian (270–75)
      7. Probus (276–82)
      8. Maximianus Herculius (285–310)
      9. Constantius II (337–61)
      10. Gratian (367–83)

      The final emperor to rule over a unified Roman Empire, Theodosius I (reign 378-395), assumed his position in Sirmium. Additionally, the claimants Ingenuus and Regalianus both proclaimed themselves emperors in this city during 260, and many other Roman emperors, such as Marcus Aurelius, who may have penned portions of his renowned work "Meditations" in the city, spent time in Sirmium.

      Classical antiquity

      • Marcus Aurelius, emperor of Rome from 161-180, resided in Sirmium during his Pannonian military campaigns.
      • Maximinus, ruling from 235-238, had Sirmium as his residence.
      • Both Herennius Etruscus and Hostilian, emperors in 251, were born in Sirmium.
      • Decius Traian, born in a village near Sirmium, was emperor from 249-251.
      • Ingenuus and Regalianus, both proclaimed emperors in 260, did so in Sirmium.
      • Claudius II, born in Sirmium, spent much of his life there and became emperor in 268.
      • Quintillus, also born in Sirmium, was emperor in 270.
      • Aurelian, emperor from 270-275, was born in Sirmium, as was
      • Probus, emperor from 276-282.
      • Maximianus Herculius, born near Sirmium, was emperor from 285-310.
      • Galerius, emperor from 305-311, resided in Sirmium as Caesar during the Tetrarchy.
      • Crispus and Constantine II, Caesars of the Roman Empire, were proclaimed in Sirmium in 317.
      • Vetranion declared himself emperor in Sirmium in 350.
      • Constantius II, born in Sirmium, was emperor from 337-361.
      • Gratian, emperor from 367-383, was also born in Sirmium.
      • Theodosius I the Great became emperor in Sirmium in 378.
      • Valerius Licinius served as prefect of the Diocese of Pannonia in Sirmium from 308-314.
      • Aurelius Victor, prefect of the Pannonia Secunda province, wrote a History of Rome under emperor Julian.
      • Leontius served as prefect in Sirmium in 426.

      The Middle Ages saw Cunimund, leader of the Gepids, residing in Sirmium. During the 11th century, a figure named Sermon held the title of duke in Syrmia.

      Sremska Mitrovica Gymnasium

      The Sremska Mitrovica Gymnasium, also known as Mitrovica Gymnasium, is a public co-educational high school situated in Sremska Mitrovica, Vojvodina, Serbia. It was established in 1838, initially as a lower secondary school, and evolved into a full-fledged high school over the subsequent decade. The school's annual day is commemorated on April 12, marking the beginning of the current gymnasium building's construction in 1930. The school has historically been named after Peter I of Serbia and Ivo Lola Ribar. During World War II in Yugoslavia, the Independent State of Croatia assumed control of the gymnasium. In the 1960s, it was renamed in honor of Ivo Lola Ribar, a Yugoslav communist politician and military leader who died in 1943. The name remained until 2007 when the school was officially named Mitrovica Gymnasium. Notable alumni include Mileva Marić, Vaso Čubrilović, Miloš N. Đurić, Slavko Vorkapić, Siniša Kovačević, and Petar Kralj, among others.

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