Intestinal Patch
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IntestinalPatch.com
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Intestinal Patch: Also known as Peyer's patches, these are concentrations of lymphoid tissue located in the lamina propria and submucosa of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, opposite the mesentery. They develop in the small intestine, with a greater prevalence in the adult terminal ileum.
- Development: Peyer's patches appear around the 19th week of gestation.
- Function: These patches are pivotal in intestinal immunity, contributing to intestinal sensitization and tolerance to foreign substances. They are instrumental in antigen recognition and processing. Their dysfunction has been linked to various GI disorders.
- Prevention of Intestinal Tumorigenesis: Increasing the number of Peyer's patches has been found to prevent intestinal polyp formation in Apc Min/+ mice, a model for human familial adenomatous polyposis. This is achieved through immune reaction modulation, including reduced interleukin-17 production and β-catenin signaling.
- Intestinal Patch for Oral Drug Delivery: Peyer's patches are proposed as a novel method for oral drug delivery, particularly for peptides and proteins vulnerable to degradation in the GI tract. This approach uses mucoadhesive materials to affix the patch to the intestinal wall, enabling controlled drug release into the intestinal tissue.
Key Features:
Lymphoid tissue aggregations in the GI tract
Develop in the small intestine, with a higher concentration in the adult terminal ileum
Contribute to intestinal immunity and sensitization
Can prevent intestinal polyp formation in certain mouse models
Proposed as a novel approach for oral drug delivery, particularly for peptides and proteins
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Intestinal patches represent an innovative method for administering medications orally, particularly those with poor bioavailability that typically need injections. These patches adhere to the intestinal lining, releasing drugs in a single direction and managing their absorption. This localized delivery system hinders drug degradation and loss in the gastrointestinal tract, ensuring efficient and targeted therapy.
Notable Features:
- Mucoadhesive properties: Intestinal patches adhere to the intestinal lining, ensuring sustained contact and regulated drug release.
- pH-responsive layer: This layer in the patch helps control drug release, enhancing absorption in the intestinal environment.
- Localized drug reservoir: The patch creates a localized drug reservoir at the delivery site, reducing systemic exposure and minimizing side effects.
- Unidirectional release: Intestinal patches release drugs in a controlled, unidirectional manner, preventing drug loss in the intestinal lumen and enhancing absorption.
Potential Uses:
- Insulin delivery: Intestinal patches have been investigated for oral insulin delivery, which could transform diabetes treatment.
- Peptide and protein delivery: These patches can deliver other peptides and proteins, such as calcitonin, exenatide, and interferon-α, for various therapeutic applications.
- Oral delivery of large molecules: Intestinal patches have been proven to improve the oral delivery of large molecules, including proteins and peptides, by safeguarding them from degradation and enhancing absorption.
Comparison to Transdermal Patches:
- Size: Intestinal patches are generally smaller in size, while transdermal patches are larger and designed for skin application.
- Adhesive layer: Intestinal patches utilize a mucoadhesive layer, whereas transdermal patches use an adhesive layer for skin attachment.
- pH sensitivity: Intestinal patches possess a pH-responsive layer, unlike transdermal patches.
Future Prospects:
- Enhancing patch design: Further research is required to improve patch design, material selection, and drug release patterns for specific therapeutic applications.
- Expanding drug range: Intestinal patches may be capable of delivering a wider array of drugs, including small molecules and biologics.
- Clinical trials: Clinical trials are essential to assess the safety and efficacy of intestinal patches for oral drug delivery.